1. These critics, all academic researchers outside the medical community, do not dispute surveys that find the obese fraction of the population to have roughly doubled in the U. S. and many parts of Europe since 1980. 【结构分析】句子主干为：These critics do not dispute surveys；“that find the obese fraction of the population to have roughly doubled in the U. S. and many parts of Europe since 1980”为that引导的从句充当“surveys”的后置定语；“all academic researchers”相当于“These critics”的同位语来对其进行补充说明；“outside the medical community”为地点状语。 2. Information on how to penetrate the disease’s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient’s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. 【结构分析】句子主干为：Information is transmitted to all elements of the patient’s immune system；“on how to penetrate the disease’s defenses”为介词短语充当“Information”的后置定语；“in a process that occurs naturally”为地点状语，其中“that occurs naturally”为that引导的从句充当“a process”的后置定语；“in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell”为which引导的从句充当“a process”的后置定语。
