例1：A six-year-old might need reminding (宾语) that spoilingother children’s expectations(主语) can require an apology. (南京艺术学院 2012年阅读) 例2：The natural way of doing this (宾语) is to start from the things which are more knowable and clear to us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature. (昆明理工大学2015年翻译)
例1：Standing on（伴随状语）the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across（伴随状语） this giant wound in the Earth’s surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（西南交通大学2016年阅读） 例2：The dangers of drug companies failing （后置定语）to disclose inconvenient findings are not new.（医学统考2019年阅读）
Sleeping is permitting a man to refresh after under heavy pressure for days. (动名词)
These processes are most interesting. (现在分词)
作定语时的区别
动名词和现在分词均可在句中充当定语，但现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词的行为状态，通常含有进行意味，而且它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语，而且均可转换成一个定语从句；而动名词一般为名词用，很少做定语，做定语时，一般表示所修饰名词的用途，一般不能转换成定语从句。注：一般做定语的-ing大多是现在分词。 例： A walking stick = a stick used for walking (动名词) A walking man = a man who is walking (现在分词) A swimming pool = a pool used for swimming (动名词) A swimming student = a student who is swimming (现在分词) Drinking water = water used for drinking (动名词) A moving truck = a truck which is moving (现在分词) Growing pains = pains during the growth period (动名词) Growing children = children who are growing (现在分词)
