在出现生词的地方常常会伴随解释生词的句子,此类句子的关键词有:can be defined as, be known as, be called, that is等等。例如:It is almost true that a conservative may be defined as a person who thinks himself such.(很多情况下,我们甚至可以这样定义一个保守主义者:只要他觉得自己是,那他就是。);It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
利用定语、同位语来猜测生词词义:
The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged.句中snorkel一词的意思,可通过其同位语“a long air tube that reaches up to the surface”来猜得。由此,我们可确定该词义为“通气管”。A linguist is a person who studies the science of language.可以根据who所引导的定语从句来猜测,linguist是一个研究语言科学的人,也就是“语言学家”。
根据具体的举例来猜测生词词义,此类词有:for instance, such as, like等。例如:Many employees are polyglot. For example, Jenny and her colleagues can speak English, French and Spanish.由所举的实际例子我们可以推测出polyglot的意思是“懂多种语言的”。
利用前后对比来猜测生词词义:此类词语有or, but等。例如:He is usually prompt to go to work, but he didn't get to the office until almost noon today. but表示转折,因此but前后的意思刚好是相反的,but后的意思是直到中午才到办公室,因此我们反向推测可以得出他平时上班很prompt(准时)。We can allow time to slip by let it be our enemy.Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.前一句说“我们可以让时间流逝或让它成为我们的敌人”,下面一句由or引出,表示相反的意思,即:我们可以控制时间,让时间成为我们的ally(朋友)来支持我们。
根据词性转化推测生词词义
在英语单词中,很多单词的形状没有变化,但是词性在具体的句子成分中有所改变,但是意思与没有转化前的意思有着非常密切的联系,其中,有许多名词与动词是相互转化词性的。例如:Small children often cry after a minor bump.(小孩子们在轻微的碰撞后常常会哭)。Be careful you don't bump your head.(留神别撞了头)。
通过常用构词法猜测生词词义
在猜测词义过程中,我们还可以根据平常积累的构词法方面的知识,从生词本身的构造方面猜测词义。例如:Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根educational (教育的),结合前缀co-(共同,一起),我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是:“男女同校教育的”意思。It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point.后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…;使…化”,结合词根commercial(商业的),不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是:“未被商业化的”。 以上是做题过程中遇到生词的情况下给出的一点小建议,希望对各位考生有所帮助。 更多考博经验以及考博真题请大家关注华慧考博:www.hhkaobo.com 全国专业考博英语辅导机构。及时为大家更新全国各大院校博士招生简章,收集完善各院校考博英语真题、考博专业课真题等重要考博讯息。专业考博英语辅导团队精心为您打造考博英语复习计划,助力广大考生顺利登岸!