很多华慧考博的学员在理解长难句的时候,经常会懵圈,不知道怎么断句?我们需要去掌握的几个关键点是,第一个是介词短语,当一个介词短语出现在句子中的时候,我们要往前去寻找它的修饰成分,比如Habits can be consciously strengthened, as when a patient in physical rehabilitation practices and memorizes different limb activities.这里的in physical rehabilitation是来修饰patient的,理解为“康复中心的病人”,第二个关键点是and这个并列连词,一定要养成这么一个意识,从后往前找memorizes的并列成分,那么这里很明显是practices 和 memorizes并列,并且都是动词,这样断句下来,再结合单词本身,基本上就能理解这几个句子在说什么了。 介词短语位于被修饰成分的后面,那么它的修饰成分可以是名词,也可以是动词,我们看一个句子: Consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 这里的介词短语by spending their money“通过花钱”,是修饰前面的动词determine “决定”,而且要注意的是by引导的短语不是修饰be produced,所以翻译为“通过花钱来决定什么应当被生产”。
连词通常连接两个并列的成分,这样的连词有,neither … nor…,either…or…,or,and,but,both…and…,我们来看几个句子: Indeed, knowing one’s entire genomic sequence is not the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be, and physicians will need to be more familiar with whatis hype and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to besuccessful 这里的and表并列,我们先找出and后连接的是一个句子physicians will need to be more familiar with whatis hype and what is reality for …,所以and前我们可以去确定的也是连接一个句子,knowing one’s entire genomic sequence is not the crystal ball of our future …,所以这里的and连接的是两个并列句子。
Neither the system meant to make the meat safe, nor the meat itself, is what consumer have been led to believe. 这里的neither…nor…表并列,同样我们先从nor后面的the meat入手,可以判定neither后也是一个名词性从句或者名词词组,所以neither后不能理解为一个句子:“这个系统旨在保证肉类安全”,而是“旨在保证肉类安全的系统”,meant to make the meat safe 为过去分词充当后置定语修饰the system,翻译时需要前置。