英译汉是考博英语中重点考察题型。状语从句作为是最常见的从句之一,也经常在英译汉里面进行考察。那么如何准确地翻译好一个状语从句呢? 首先我们需要了解什么是状语从句,状语从句的类型有哪些? 状语从句相当于副词,它可以修饰谓语,非谓语动词,定语,状语或整个句子。以下是常见的9种状语从句类型以及各种从句的引导词: 1. 时间状语从句;引导词:when,while, as, till, until, after等 2. 原因状语从句;引导词:because, since, as, for the reason that, in that 等 3. 让步状语从句;引导词:although,though, even if, in spite of the fact, whereas等 4. 条件状语从句;引导词:if,unless,suppose, in case, in the event 等 5. 目的状语从句;引导词:so that, so, in order that, in case, lest等 6. 结果状语从句;引导词:that,so(that), with the result that, such that 等 7. 比较状语从句;引导词:as...as, the same as, such as, than 等 8. 方式状语从句;引导词:as, as if, as though, the way, how 9. 地点状语从句:引导词:where,wherever, everywhere, anywhere 接下来主要讲下其中的让步状语从句,条件状语从句,以及时间状语从句如何翻译。 一. 让步状语从句: (1)让步状语从句有明显的标志词如although,though, even if, even though,while等引导时,从句部分翻译前置。 It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit. 条件状语从句在句首,翻译时直译即可,这里even if引导的从句在句末这时翻译时需前置。即使对双方有利,这感觉也不像是人类的或者民主的关系。 (2)还有一类以whatever,whenever,wherever,no matter wh- 引导词引导的让步状语从句,通常译为不论...,无论...,不管...。 Plugged into the intercommunication system, the man can now communicate with the rest of the crew no matter what noise is going on about him. No matter what引导的条件状语从句,翻译的时候也是前置,译为无论...。不管周围是多么喧闹,插头一接上机内通话系统,他就能和同机其余的人通话。 二. 时间状语从句: (1)翻译时间状语从句时,翻译时一般把从句前置翻译,也就是与汉语表达一样。 As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. 这里是as引导的时间状语从句,翻译时直译即可。随着其他人所有人付出的代价越来越明显,政客们已经开始镇压。 The court cannot maintain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law when justices behave like politicians. 这里是when引导的时间状语从句,翻译时要把从句的翻译前置。当法官像政客那样表现时,法院将不能保持它作为法律规则守护者的合法性。 (2)翻译成固定句型,由hardly... when, no sooner... than, as soon as...等连词引导时间状语从句时,常常翻译成刚...就...。 As soon as he heard the news, he cried. 这里用的是固定句型as soon as,翻译时就译为刚...就... 他刚听到这个消息,就大哭起来。 三.条件状语从句: 条件从句一般以if, in case等连词引导,翻译时,一般把从句部分前置,翻译为如果...或若...。 If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. 这里是由if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,这里if条件句就在句首,直译即可。如果我和你空降到20世纪90年代财富500强企业,我们将会发现很少使用诸如‘旅程’‘使命’‘激情’等术语。