注意下列几组动词的-ing形式和过去分词之间的区别：surprising(令人吃惊的)， surprised(感到惊讶的); interesting(令人感兴趣的)， interested(感兴趣的); disappointing(令人失望的)， disappointed(感到失望的); encouraging(令人鼓舞的)， encouraged(感到鼓舞的) 练 习 1. I was used to go to the cinema once a week. 2. He has never been heard speak ill of others. 3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security. 4. He always enjoys to read a detective story. 5. His father would not let him to go. 6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English. 7. You should avoid to keep company with such people. 8. Smiling graciously, my offer was accepted by him. 9. You had better not to go there. 10. The doctor advised me giving up to smoke. 注 释 1. was used to → used to， used to +动词原形表示过去的习惯， be used to+名词/动名词表示习惯的持续。 2. speak → to speak， 感观动词/使役动词改为被动语态时， 要将主动态时省去的“to”还原。 3. say → said， said是过去分词作补足语， 而it是形式主语。 4. to read → reading, enjoy其后只可加动名词。 5. to go → go, let是使役动词， 其后接不带to的不定式作补足语。 6. understand → understood, make oneself understood译为“使别人了解自己的意图即自己被别人理解”。 7. to keep → keeping， avoid其后加动名词作宾语。 8. my offer was accepted by him → he accepted my offer， 分词短语smiling graciously的动作执行者是he， 而不是my offer。 9. to go → go， had better其后接动词原形。 10.giving up to smoke → giving up smoking, advise sb. to do sth.,而give up其后接动名词或名词。
