1.当A > B 时,用“比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如: I made more mistakes than you. 我犯的错误比你多。 My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。 注意:more/less…than…可用于引申义,表示“与其……不如……”,此时不是对两个对象进行比较,而是对同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较或取舍,此时不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节,一律用more…than…。如: He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。 He is less a teacher than an expert.= He is more an expert than a teacher. 与其说他是老师,不如说他是专家。
2. 当A = B 时,用“as + 原级+ as + 比较对象”来表示。如: She is as tall as me。她与我一样高。 He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床与他父母起得一样早。 此外,该结构有变体:as+adj.+a/an+n.+as和as + many/much + 名词 + as George is as efficient a worker as Jack= George is a worker as efficient as Jack. 乔治和杰克一样都是有效率的工人。 She is as good a teacher as she is a mother. 她是一个好老师,也是一位好妈妈。
3. 当A < B 时,常用“not so /as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。也可用“less+原级+than+比较对象”。如: I’m not as/so lucky as you. 我不像你那么幸运。 He doesn’t study as/so hard as Mary. 他学习不如玛丽努力。 John behaves less politely than Bob. 约翰没有
4. 当A = 数字×B 时,用下列结构来表示: (1) 用“数字 + times + as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。如: Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。 There are twenty times as many sheep as people in New Zealand. 在新西兰,羊的数量是人的二十倍。 (2)用“数字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比较对象”来表示。如: Your office is three times the size of ours. 你的办公室是我们办公室的三倍大。 (3)用“数字 + times + 比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如: He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍。 注:若指两倍,以上各句型中的“数字+times”则应换成twice。如: This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 这个房间的长度是那个房间的两倍,但窄得多。
5. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”。如: Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。 It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越困难了。
6. 表示“越……就越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如: The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年纪越轻,学习越容易。 The more money you make, the more you spend. 你挣的钱越多,花的钱也越多。
7.“否定词+谓语+比较级”相当于最高级。如: I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird I’ve ever seen. 这是我所见过的最好的鸟。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好啊!我从来没有听过这么动听的声音。