无选项完形填空题是考博英语试题当中,难度较高的一类考博英语题型,考生们很容易在这一块出现大量丢分或者蒙题的现象,这对于考生来说是非常可惜的事情。 作为少数在考博英语试卷当中加入无选项完形填空的院校,复旦大学考博英语的无选项完形填空题很适合作为典型来分析。主要无选项完形容主要考查考生的篇章大意理解能力,语篇分析能力和语法知识在语篇中的运用能力。由于综合能力要求高,一直是考生易失分的题型。下面华慧考博老师就复旦大学2011年考博英语中的无选项完型填空的解题思路、步骤,学生实际答案分析如下,希望对考生有所帮助。 一、试题原文参考:(来源:复旦大学2011年无选项填空) A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk.__1 __this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyone’s life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere 2 other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived 3 such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle. 4 , we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed 5 most of us “tune out” much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to 6 it. 7 when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but 8 great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop. 9 the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even 10 are able to maintain such weight losses.
二、学生答案参考
1. Although 2.with 3.from 4.However 5.and 6. Change 7. However 8.no 9. such as 10. None
解题步骤指导
首先浏览全文,明确本文的主要意思。尤其要注意首句,逻辑连接词,连接复习,文章各段的关系。通过福一段的First of all,Second,可知,主题句在前面The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk.__1 __this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward.因此第一段大意是即使告知人们风险因素,人们不会去改变自己的行为来降低风险的原因。第二段第一句话是主题句:即使人们想要去改变自己的行文,也不是件容易的事。之后举了想要戒烟和减肥的两类人的例子。 其次,分析每个空格要填的词性。这需要结合句法、知识来分析。 最后,巩固和培养题感和逻辑。每次做题时,最好不要直接在试题上填答案。建议将自己的答案写在一张便利贴上。第二天做题时先将前一天的完型(空白试题)再读一遍,一是扫清词汇障碍,二是培养解题逻辑分析能力,逐空分析解题思路和自己错题原因。例如参考答案给的是连词,而自己的答案是介词,那就是解题时句法分析不到位。
第2 小题:空格所在的句子(changing behavior in the interests of health主语) may interfere 2 (谓语)other, more important matters(宾语)是个完整的句子。因此只需填一个介词,让句子语义通顺,语法正确就行。这里是interfere with“干预”的固定搭配。 第3小题:空格所在的句子(the benefits to be derived 3 such changes主语) rarely are (系动词)immediate or obvious(表语)是个完整的句子。因此也只需填一个介词。这里考查的是derive from“源于,源自”的固定搭配。 第4小题:空格后面是一个完整的句子,不缺任何成分。因此此处只要填一个副词来修饰整个句子就行。学生给的答案是“however”,尽管语法词性分析正确但是空格前后并不存在转折关系,因此没有考虑到句子之间的意思。通过前面的副词First of all,Second,线索提示可知,此处应是解释第一空所说的人们为什么不愿意去改变自己行为的原因。因此填“Third”。
第5小题:此空所在的句子比较长。我们需要将句子简化,才能看出此空要填的词性。空前 about the thousandsof health hazards 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰information,可以删掉。 to which we are exposed是定语从句,修饰health hazards。也可以将其删掉。因此可简化为we are all so bombarded with information5 most of us “tune out” much of this information.可知第5空前后是两个简单句,填状语从句或者并列句的连接词。学生给的答案是and,词性分析正确,但这两句并不是简单的并列关系,而是根据前一句的线索词“so”可知后一句是结果状语从句。因此填that。当然还有些学生填的是to,想到的是expose to固定搭配,但是没有注意到前面的to which,属于粗心错误,或者是定语从句的介词+关系代词知识未过关所致。
第8小题:此空是由but连接的两个完整的句子For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit(简单句), but 8 great effort (very few是主语)(are able to do是谓语)so(宾语)(简单句)。因此第8空句子结构完整,但语义不完整,需要填一个介词without .without great effort相当于是作状语。学生填的答案是“no”,考虑了句意,但是语法不符。
第10小题:此空是由but,and连接的3个完整的句子。the number of people who want to lose weight is very large(简单句1), but few of these people are able to do it(简单句2) and even 10 are able to maintain such weight losses(简单句3).第10空为第三个简单句的主语,可以作主语的是名词或者代词。根据前一句的few of these people are able to do it“很少人能够做到减肥”,even后接比较级,因此填“fewer更少的”为最佳答案。学生给的答案是“none”,符合语法,但是none的意思是|“三者以上一个也没有”,语义上过于绝对,不符合常识。另外没有考虑到前面even应是加比较级结构。当然也有学生填“less”,错因是没有考虑到这里指代的是很少人,是可数名词。