1. This document is______ unless officially stamped.
A. legal
B. valid
C. legible
D. invalid

2. Following the guidelines for speaking and voting established by the book Robert’s Rules of Order, ______ during the meeting.
A. and avoid large decision-making organizations’ procedural can fusion
B. large decision-making organizations avoid procedural confusion
C. is procedural confusion avoided by large decision-making organizations
D. are avoiding procedural confusion in large decision-making organizations
  1.D
【句意】除非被正式地盖上章，否则这份文件是无效的。
【解析】形容词辨析题。legal“法律的；合法的；法定的”；valid“有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的”；legible“清晰的；易读的；易辨认的”；invalid“无效的；有病的；残废的”。由关键词“unless officially stamped除非被正式地盖上章”知“无效的”符合，由此知D项正确。

2.B
【句意】在《罗伯特议事规则》这本书为发言和表决建立指导方针后，大的决策组织避免了会议期间的程序混乱。
【解析】语法结构——主谓结构。分析空格前的句子结构知“for speaking and voting established by the book Robert’s Rules of Order”充当“the guidelines”的后置定语，故题干可以简化为“Following the guidelines, _______ during the meeting”；当“Following the guidelines”这部分充当主语时，虽然C、D选项结构符合，但C选项的意思不符且D选项主谓不一致；当“Following the guidelines”这部分充当状语时，选项B结构和意思均符合，故为答案选项。